Abstract The Food Truck segment has become a food option with quality and reduced cost. The objective of the present work was to analyze the hygienic-sanitary quality of street foods sold in food trucks and to propose essential operational requirements for the control of hazards associated with this food sector. The cross-sectional descriptive study model was used with the application of a questionnaire to verify the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the food handlers of the trucks in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and a checklist to evaluate the structural conditions and compliance with the standards provided for in legislation. Among the handlers, 60% did not wash their hands properly, 62.9% did not have a training course and 18% of the trucks did not have a sink with potable water. Non-conformities were also observed at the points of sale, mainly due to the absence of an exhaust system and protection gutter for lamps. Thus, a proposal of essential operational requirements for food trucks was elaborated. There is a clear need to recognize this segment as an integral part of the commercialization of street food, proposing a specific control, increasing inspection, and use of a training program.

Abstract Eggs quickly lose their quality if they are not in adequate conditions during handling, and adequate control of the entire production chain is essential, considering that the introduction of contaminants can occur at any stage of production. The Self-Control Programs (PACs) aims to guarantee the hygienic-sanitary quality of products and the steps of the program include the description, implementation, monitoring, and verification, being considered fundamental in the quality management in companies that produce food of animal origin in Brazil. The checklist for maintenance of facilities and equipment proposed in this study was developed by a multidisciplinary team covering egg processing units with a production of up to 3,600 units/day. The design thinking methodology was used in this context to facilitate the search for better ideas through discussions that could develop creative thoughts in an empathic and user-centered way. The proposed list collaborated as a quality measurement instrument with simple language and applicable to the small producer. It reinforced the need to meet the prerequisites for the proper functioning of the PAC, serving as a stimulus for the search for knowledge of the quality culture, through the constant observation of the paradigm required by regulatory agencies.

Abstract Aquafaba, a liquid from the cooking of chickpeas, has technological properties that have been increasingly used in the food sector, such as emulsifying, foaming, and gelling properties. Its application occurs mainly in mayonnaise and meringues, replacing the egg. This study aims to carry out the technological prospection of aquafaba through the study of patents in national and international databases, seeking to assess current and future market demand, and thus gather relevant information that allows attracting the interest of the food industry to the use of this new functional and sustainable food. Few related patents are reported, and they are concentrated in a few countries, indicating a promising way of exploring this product. Aquafaba chickpeas sector emulsifying foaming meringues egg databases demand reported countries product

Abstract The search for muscle hypertrophy and health improvements has increased both the number of exercisers and the consumption of supplements. The correct use is able to delay muscle fatigue and improve sports performance. However, inadequate supplementation can cause several health problems, so it is necessary to seek a qualified professional for indication of use. The present literature review objective to evaluate the profile of supplement consumption in gyms in different cities and states in Brazil. The research was carried out through a literature review, within the criteria established by the PRISMA Statement. The following databases were used: PubMed, Google Scholar and SciELO, integrating only studies about the use of dietary supplements by strength training practitioners in Brazil, using 25 scientific articles, published between 2011 and 2021. The results shows that the most cited objective for use of supplementation was for muscle hypertrophy, where the most used supplements was whey protein. Another relevant result was the lack of indication of a suitable professional, such as a nutritionist, for consumption recommendation. On the other hand, the main sources of indication were Physical Education professionals, followed by friends and self-referral, which can result in inadequate consumption and, consequently, bring health risks.

Abstract Conventional culture media are expensive owing to their constituents. Thus, several studies have sought to develop and evaluate the efficacy of alternative, low-cost culture media, in most cases, using natural and easily accessible raw materials. The present study is a literature review, observing various formulations of culture media based on products of plant origin for the growth of microorganisms and production of microbial compounds of industrial interest. In most formulations, vegetable substrates, such as soy, certain beans, corn, and rice, were used in addition to hortofruticultural products. Compared to conventional media, the alternative culture media often present satisfactory results in terms of microbial growth efficiency and production cost.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of addition of microencapsulated natural extracts of aromatic herbs in comparison with synthetic antioxidants on fatty acids profile of different meat products (restructured product of Tilapia mechanically separated fish meat (RP) and Fresh pork sausage (FS) stored under freezing and cold storage. Synthetic antioxidant sodium erythorbate was used in the RP and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used in the FS. Natural oregano extract (Origanum vulgare) was used in the RP, while the rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis) was used in the FS. The fatty acid profiles of each formulation were obtained by gas chromatography (GC-MS). The oleic acid was the most abundant compound in both evaluated products, also, during the observed storage period there was an increase in SFA and MUFA composition (p < 0.05) in all the treatments. However, the treatments with addition of synthetic antioxidant and microcapsules loaded with different content of aromatic herb extracts showed similar behavior. Moreover, the addition of microencapsulated aromatic herb extracts increased the content of PUFA, improving the nutritional quality indexes in both RP and FS. Our results infer that the addition of oregano and rosemary extracts have antioxidant potential equivalent to synthetic antioxidants.

Abstract Soy-based fermented probiotic drinks are an option in the beverage market. For the food industry to meet the challenge of the demand for new products, the technological simplification of the production process is one factor that facilitates market insertion. The objective of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a process for fermentation, by probiotic bacteria, of liquid soy bases obtained from the grain, flour and powder extract, to have the technology for the industrial production of the beverage from different raw materials. The liquid bases were submitted to the same basic formulation process with sucrose, tricalcium phosphate and potassium sorbate dispersed in water. The probiotic bacteria tested, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis, showed fermentative potential in the three liquid bases studied and the final drinks complied with Brazilian legislation, which establishes a minimum concentration of 8 log CFU per serving during at least 45 days of refrigerated storage at 8 °C. Thus, the suitability of the process for the raw materials was proven. Among the drinks prepared, as well as in relation to the microorganism applied, few variations were observed related to the proximate composition, counting of spoilages and monitoring of the acidity from the process of fermentation.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION : Tuberculosis (TB) causes a great burden of disease globally. Its high presence in large cities is explained by these being scenarios of accelerated urbanization, strong social inequalities and concentration of vulnerable circumstances. The objective was to analyze the epidemiological situation of TB in a program area (PA) of the City of Buenos Aires in 2017-2019. METHODS : A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The study population were the reported TB cases living in the PA of Fernández Hospital (FH). The main data source was the National Health Surveillance System. RESULTS : A total of 375 cases were recorded. The highest TB notification rate in the PA (29.2) was reported in 2017. The cases were concentrated in Retiro neighborhood, reaching the highest rate in 2018 (134.5). Popular neighborhoods had a rate which was 12 times as high as PA rate (305.1). Of all the cases, 213 were male (56.8%), the median age being 29 years. They were mostly reported by the service network of the FH PA. Regarding the follow-up, 169 cases completed the treatment (45.1%) and 138 did not record any follow-up data (36.8%). DISCUSSION : The disaggregated epidemiological analysis revealed the great complexity of the area with respect to this health condition. Interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach networks are key to guarantee accessibility to care and treatment in this population.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN : La tuberculosis (TB) genera una gran carga de enfermedad a nivel global. Su elevada presencia en grandes ciudades se explica porque ellas son escenarios de urbanización acelerada, fuertes inequidades sociales y concentración de circunstancias de vulnerabilidad. El objetivo fue analizar la situación epidemiológica de la TB en un área programática (AP) de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 2017 y 2019. MÉTODOS : Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La población de estudio fueron los casos notificados de TB en residentes en el AP del Hospital Fernández (HF). La fuente de datos principal fue el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Salud. RESULTADOS : Se registraron 375 casos. En 2017 se presentó la tasa de notificación de TB más alta del AP (29,2). Los casos se concentraron en el barrio de Retiro y alcanzaron su mayor tasa en 2018 (134,5). Los barrios populares presentaron 12 veces la tasa del AP (305,1). De todos los casos, 213 fueron de género masculino (56,8%), con 29 años como mediana de edad. Mayormente fueron notificados por la red de efectores del AP del HF. Respecto a la evolución, en 169 casos fue satisfactoria (45,1%), y 138 no registraron datos de evolución (36,8%). DISCUSIÓN : El análisis epidemiológico desagregado reveló la gran complejidad del territorio respecto a este padecimiento de salud. Las redes de abordaje interdisciplinarias e intersectoriales resultan claves para garantizar la accesibilidad al cuidado y tratamiento en esta población.

Resumo O presente estudo investiga as projeções do imaginário social sobre o futuro do corpo humano na imagem cinematográfica da ficção científica. Buscamos, assim, compreender como se desenham as imagens do futuro da espécie humana no cinema. A pergunta que nos guiou ao longo do percurso foi: a partir das imagens que criamos hoje nos filmes de ficção científica sobre o amanhã, quais os desejos, os medos, esperanças, anseios e expectativas temos apontado em nossa construção coletiva do imaginário do futuro? Iniciamos pela perspectiva social de futuro que a publicidade no século 19 apontava para o ano 2000. Uma visão positiva de progresso a partir da tecnologia em nossas vidas. Em seguida, por meio de uma análisede uma constelação de frames de filmes futuristas contemporâneos, inspirada nos estudos do pesquisador Aby Warburg, propomos uma perspectiva de leitura e compreensão de uma memória social e seus respectivos afetos sobre as projeções contemporâneas de futuro do corpo humano. Neste momento podemos observar o pessimismo que as imagens traduzem da relação contemporânea das tecnologias com o corpo.

Abstract This paper investigates the projections of the social imaginary on the future of the human body in the cinematographic image of science fiction. We seek, therefore, to understand how images of the future of mankind play out in the movies. The question that guided us along the way was: based on the images we create today in science fiction films about tomorrow, which desires, fears, hopes, anxieties and expectations have we pointed out in our collective construction of the imaginary of the future? We started with the social perspective of the future that advertising in the 19th century pointed to for the year 2000. A positive view of progress from the technology in our lives. Then, through an analysis of a constellation of frames from contemporary futuristic films, inspired by the studies of the researcher Aby Warburg, we propose a perspective of reading and understanding of a social memory and its respective affects on the contemporary projections of the future of the body human. At this moment, we can observe the imagens reflect the pessimism in regard to the contemporary relationship between technologies and the body.

Abstract Although quite controversial from the point of view of food safety, a considerable number of people across different age and socioeconomic groups consume raw goat’s milk. Even if refrigerated after milking, raw goat's milk may still be susceptible to the lipolytic and proteolytic actions of psychrotrophic microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas. In this study, Pseudomonas sp. from 21 refrigerated raw goat’s milk samples were characterized. All samples were freely commercialized, without any type of inspection, by small producers and markets from different regions of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 136 isolates were identified, most of which belonged to the species, P. putida, P. koreensis, P. monteilii, and P. fluorescens. The production of protease and lipase varied according to the incubation temperature. We found that 91.4% of the Pseudomonas isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. None of the isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistance phenotype. None of the raw goat’s milk samples contained detectable antibiotic residues, which may explain the very low frequency of resistant bacteria. Although Pseudomonas is not considered a typical food-related pathogen, its presence indicate that the determination of microbiological standards for raw goat's milk and greater control of the commercialization of this product, are necessary.

RESUMO: O leite de cabra tem sido sugerido como alternativa ao leite de vaca, sendo uma opção com melhor digestibilidade e menor alergenicidade. No entanto, a presença de bactérias contaminantes pode afetar significativamente a segurança do produto. Neste trabalho, relatamos o isolamento e caracterização de Acinetobacter spp. isolados de amostras de leite cru de cabra adquiridas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Vinte e uma amostras foram analisadas e dez isolados de Acinetobacter spp. foram obtidos, sendo seis identificados como A. guillouiae, três como A. ursingii e um como A. bereziniae. Estes isolados foram caracterizados e oito apresentaram atividade proteolítica, sete mostraram atividade lipolítica e cinco foram capazes de produzir ambas as enzimas. Nenhum dos isolados foi produtor de biofilme. No entanto, todos os isolados apresentaram fenótipo ESBL-positivo, enquanto oito (80%) foram positivos para KPC. Este trabalho demonstra, portanto, que o leite de cabra cru também pode ser uma fonte de Acinetobacter spp., que podem produzir enzimas deteriorantes termoestáveis e desempenhar, também, um papel de reservatórios de genes de resistência a antibióticos.

ABSTRACT: Goat’s milk has been suggested as an alternative to cow’s milk, being a better digestible and hypoallergenic option. However, the presence of contaminating bacteria may significantly affect the safety of the product. In this research, we reported the isolation and characterization of Acinetobacter spp. isolates from raw goat milk samples purchased in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Twenty-one samples were analyzed and ten isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were obtained. Six were identified as A. guillouiae, three as A. ursingii, and one as A. bereziniae. These isolates were characterized and eight showed proteolytic activity, seven showed lipolytic activity, and five isolates were able to produce both enzymes. None of the isolates was biofilm producer. However, when the production of antibiotic resistance enzymes KPC and ESBL were investigated, all isolates presented ESBL-positive phenotype, while eight (80%) were KPC-positive. This research, therefore, demonstrated that raw goat’s milk can also be a source of Acinetobacter spp., which can produce important thermostable deteriorating enzymes and may play a role of reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes.

Resumo: Neste artigo apresentamos uma pesquisa que busca determinar como as características da informação geográfica devem ser consideradas e incluídas no projeto das interfaces do usuário em um sistema de geoinformação. Através de técnicas da engenharia de requisitos, nós coletamos e documentamos informações obtidas de potenciais usuários de um sistema de geoinformação projetado para o cálculo da contribuição de melhoria. Além disso, analisamos os requisitos destes usuários para determinar as características da geoinformação necessárias para este caso particular de cálculo de contribuição. Buscamos determinar como estas características podem ser incluídas na documentação dos requisitos e como considerá-las de maneira a auxiliar no projeto e construção de interfaces para sistemas de geoinformação.

Abstract: In this paper, we present some results of research work that seeks to determine how the characteristics of geoinformation should be considered and included in the design of users' interfaces for a geoinformation system. Through well-known techniques of requirements engineering, we collected and documented the information obtained from potential users of a geoinformation system designed to be used for calculation of betterment taxes. Furthermore, we analyzed the users’ requirements to determine the characteristics of geoinformation in this particular case of tax calculation. We try to define how those geoinformation characteristics can be included in the requirements specification and how to consider them to help designing better geoinformation systems interfaces.

The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities (TA) has not been sufficiently assessed in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Our aim was to evaluate this relationship. In this prospective study 194 women were included. The PCOS group consisted of 142 patients (diagnosed by Rotterdam 2003 criteria) and the control group included 52 age-matched healthy women. Fasting blood samples were drawn for free T4, thyrotropin, thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb), fasting insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR were calculated. A total of 52 PCOS patients had either autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT+) and/or subclinical hypothyroidism (HSC) (36.6%) (thyroid abnormalities:TA+) compared with 7 women of the control group (13.5%), accounting for more than a five fold higher prevalence of TA in PCOS patients, compared with the age-matched controls (adjusted odds ratio: 5.6; CI 95%: 2.1 -14.9; p < 0.001). TA+ patients had significantly higher FI and HOMA-IR values than patients without thyroid abnormalities(p < 0.05). These results demonstrate a high rate of TA in young PCOS women, associated with higher levels of FI and HOMA-IR. As PCOS, hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity may have a profound impact on reproductive health, our data indicate that PCOS patients should be screened for TA.

La prevalencia de trastornos tiroideos (TT) no ha sido suficientemente evaluada en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP). El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar dicha relación. En este estudio prospectivo de diseño caso-control, se incluyeron 194 mujeres. El grupo SOP consistió en 142 pacientes diagnosticadas por criterios Rotterdam 2003, y el grupo control incluyó a 52 mujeres sanas apareadas por edad. Se extrajeron muestras de sangre en ayuno para dosajes de T4 libre, tirotrofina, anticuerpos antiperoxidasa (ATPO), insulinemia y glucemia y se calculó el índice HOMA. Un total de 52 pacientes con SOP presentó autoinmunidad tiroidea (AIT+) y/o hipotiroidismo subclínico (HSC) (36.6%) (TT+) en comparación con 7 mujeres del grupo de control (13.5%), lo que representa una frecuencia cinco veces mayor de TT en pacientes con SOP en comparación con los controles (odds ratio ajustado: 5.6; IC 95%: 2.1-14.9; p < 0.001). Las pacientes TT+ tuvieron valores de insulinemia y HOMA significativamente más altos que aquellas sin trastornos tiroideos (TT-) (p < 0.05).Este estudio muestra una alta tasa de TT en mujeres con SOP asociada a mayores niveles de insulinemia y HOMA. Teniendo en cuenta que el SOP, el hipotiroidismo y la autoinmunidad tiroidea pueden tener un profundo impacto en la salud reproductiva, nuestros datos sugieren que las pacientes con SOP deberían ser evaluadas para descartar TT.

Introducción: la epilepsia es una enfermedad neurológica frecuente, con una incidencia estimada de 50 por cada 100,000 habitantes y una prevalencia de cinco a diez por 1,000 habitantes en los países desarrollados. Se le llama refractaria cuando las crisis epilépticas son tan frecuentes que limitan la habilidad del paciente para vivir plenamente o cuando los efectos secundarios del manejo tratamiento son limitantes para el desarrollo normal de la persona pese al mejor manejo médico instaurado. La Lamotrigina es un antiepiléptico que inhibe los canales de sodio voltaje-dependientes, modulando la liberación presináptica de transmisores excitatorios de tipo glutamato y aspartato. Objetivo: determinar la efectividad de la Lamotrigina como monoterapia o en asociación con fármacos antiepilépticos convencionales en pacientes con Epilepsia Refractaria. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo. Periodo de tiempo: mayo 2009 a noviembre 2012. Análisis de las variables por medio de frecuencias, promedios y proporciones. Resultados: muestra: 115 historias clínicas de pacientes con epilepsia refractaria. El 97,4% (112) tiene reducción en el número de crisis, siendo en el 85,2% (98) mayor o igual al 50%. Hubo un promedio de 9,45 crisis por mes, con una mediana de seis episodios, previo al manejo con este medicamento, mientras que tras la administración del medicamento, el promedio de episodios fue de 3,65 por mes, con mediana de 1 episodio/mes. El promedio de fármacos utilizados antes de introducir la Lamotrigina fue de 1,9 con un uso mínimo de 1 y máximo 6 y a partir del inicio de la Lamotrigina el promedio fue 2,3, con uso mínimo de 1 y máximo de 4 medicamentos. Conclusión: la Lamotrigina es un medicamento de última generación con adecuada efectividad y pocos efectos adversos que puede reducir de forma efectiva la frecuencia de crisis epilépticas en los pacientes de difícil manejo con refractariedad farmacológica.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a common neurological condition with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 population and a prevalence five to ten per 1,000 population in developed countries. It is considered refractory when seizures are so frequent that the patient's ability to live fully is limited, when treatment does not control seizures, or when side effects are limiting for the normal development of the person. Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug that inhibits the sodium channel voltage-dependent presynaptic modulating excitatory transmitter glutamate and aspartate type. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Lamotrigine as monotherapy or in combination with conventional antiepileptic drugs in patients with refractory epilepsy. Materials and methods: A descriptive study. Period May 2009 to November 2012. Variable analysis by frequency, averages and ratios. Results: Sample: 115 medical records. 97.4% (112) of the patients have reduced the number of seizures, so than 85.2% (98) have had a reduction greater than or equal to 50%. There was an average of 9.45 attacks per month, with a median of 6 episodes, prior to treatment with this medicine, whereas after administering medication, the average was 3.65 episodes per month, with a median of 1 crisis/month. The average drugs used before initiating the Lamotrigine was 1.9 with a minimum of 1 and maximum of 6 and from the beginning of the Lamotrigine the average was 1.54, with minimum use of 1 and maximum of 4 drugs. Conclusion: Lamotrigine is a last generation drug with great effectiveness and few side effects, which can effectively reduce the frequency of seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy.

Thyroid-related orbitopathy is characterized by exophthalmos, palpebral retraction and compressive optic neuropathy in the most severe cases. Orbital decompression is performed to preserve the vision in these patients. OBJECTIVE: To show the experience gained by our hospital in performing this type of surgery using several approaches such as transcranial, anterior and nasal endoscopic paths. METHODS: An evaluating study was carried out in 30 cases operated on from January 1999 to February 2005. The surgical effectiveness was evaluated in terms of reduction of exophthalmos and visual improvement using the three approaches. RESULTS: According to data from tables 1, 2 and 3, all the operated patients reduced exophthalmos and improved their vision. The endoscopic approach exhibited excellent results with lower surgical trauma. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that orbital decompression is a very effective treatment for thyroid-related orbitopathy and that endoscopic approach is a minimum access procedure with good results.

La orbitopatía tiroidea, se caracteriza por: exoftalmos, retracción palpebral y neuropatía óptica comprensiva en los casos más severos. La descompresión orbitaria se realiza en estos casos para preservar la visión. OBJETIVO: Mostrar la experiencia de nuestro hospital en esta cirugía por diferentes vías de abordaje: transcraneal, anterior y endoscópica nasal. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un corte evaluativo de 30 casos operados en el período de enero de 1999 a febrero del 2005. La efectividad de la cirugía se evaluó en cuanto a: disminución del exoftalmos y mejoría visual por las tres vías de abordaje. RESULTADOS: Todos los casos operados disminuyeron el exoftalmos y mejoraron su visión. En la vía endoscópica se obtienen excelentes resultados con menor trauma quirúrgico. CONCLUSIONES: Se concluye que la descompresión orbitaria es un tratamiento muy efectivo en la orbitopatía tiroidea y que la vía endoscópica es un procedimiento de acceso mínimo con buenos resultados.